Synopsis of Factors Affecting Hydrogen Storage in Biomass-Derived Activated Carbons

Hydrogen (H2) is largely regarded as a potential cost-efficient clean fuel primarily due to its beneficial properties, such high energy content and sustainability. With the rising demand for H2 in past decades favorable characteristics an carrier, escalating USA consumption of pure can be projected reach 63 million tons by 2050. Despite tremendous generation widespread application, transportation storage have remained major challenges sustainable economy. Various efforts been undertaken storing activated carbons, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent (COFs), etc. Recently, literature has stressing need develop biomass-based carbons effective material, these are inexpensive adsorbents with tunable chemical, mechanical, morphological properties. This article reviews current research trends perspectives on role various properties uptake capacity. The critical aspects governing factors storage, namely, surface morphology (specific area, pore volume, size distribution), functionality (heteroatom functional groups), physical condition (temperature pressure), thermodynamic (heat adsorption desorption), discussed. A comprehensive survey showed that “ideal” carbon sorbent micropore typically below 10 Å, volume greater than 1.5 cm3/g, area 4000 m2/g or more may help substantial gravimetric >10 wt% at cryogenic conditions (?196 °C), smaller pores benefit stronger physisorption heat adsorption.